How can a lifeguard determine if a swimmer needs assistance?

A lifeguard can determine if a swimmer needs assistance primarily by observing signs of distress. Distressed swimmers may exhibit behaviors such as splashing, calling for help, struggling to keep their head above water, or appearing unable to reach the pool edge safely. These visible indicators are critical for lifeguards to identify individuals who are genuinely in trouble and might require immediate help.

While engaging a swimmer by asking if they need help may seem like a proactive approach, it does not guarantee that the lifeguard will accurately assess the situation or the swimmer's actual capability. Observing physical fitness may give some insight but is not reliable in assessing immediate risk or distress. A bored appearance also does not correlate with a swimmer's safety; they may simply be relaxed or unengaged. Therefore, prioritizing the signs of distress allows lifeguards to act swiftly and appropriately to ensure swimmer safety.